Front-End and Readout Electronics for Silicon Trackers at the ILC

A highly integrated readout scheme for Silicon trackers making use of Deep Sub-Micron CMOS electronics is presented. In this context,a 16-channel readout chip for Silicon strips detector has been designed in 180nm CMOS technology, each channel comprising a low noise amplifier, a pulse shaper, a sample and hold and a comparator. First results are presented

Extraction, chemical composition and nutrional characterization of vegetable oils: Case of Amaranthus hybridus (var 1 and 2) of Congo Brazzaville

Amaranthus hybridus is a vegetable which is eaten in Congo Brazzaville and in other countries. Two varieties of A. hybridus seeds (var 1 and 2) were selected for this study. Average oil content varies between 11 and 14%. A. hybridus seeds are also rich in proteins (17%) and minerals. Red oils obtained have a high saponification value (130-190) and the iodine value is between 100 and 113. The quantity of unsaponifiable matter (5 - 7%) in these oils is important. The fatty acids composition gives the following average profile: 18: 2n-6 > 18: 1 n-9 > 16: 0 > 22: 6n-3 > 18: 0. A. hybridus seeds oils also have long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA (5.63-21.46%) and the results indicated that the n-6/n-3ratios were 1.48 to 5.63. The triacylglycerols analysis shows that oils extracted by Bligh and Dyer method contains 6 major TAGs in A. hybridus var1: LLnLn › OLL › POL. › OLL › PLL › LLL and Amaranthus hybridus var2: LLnLn › OLL › PLL › POL. › OLL › LLL. The A. hybridus seeds can be used ascattle food and baby complement food. These oils have nutritive and dietetic potentialitie

Silicon Data Acquisition and Front-End Electronics

A highly integrated Front-End readout and Data Acquisition scheme for Silicon trackers is presented. In this context, a 16-channel readout chip for Silicon strips detector has been designed in 180nm CMOS technology, having in view a highly multiplexed and sparsified readout global strategy. First results are presented

Extraction and nutritional properties of Solanum nigrum L seed oil

With the aim of diversifying the lipids sources eaten by the African populations and those of Congo Brazzaville in particular, a physicochemical study of Solanum nigrum L seeds was carried out and three chemical methods (Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer, and Folch) were used to extract the oil. The dry matter content of the seeds is 94.22%. Average lipids content varies between 34.5 and 37.5% dry matter, proteins content is 17% dry matter and crude ash content averages 7.18% dry matter and the principal mineral element is Mg (180 mg/100g). The acid value of the oil is about 2.5, saponification value varies between 157.3 and 190.1, peroxide value is low at 5.13 and iodine is 102.33.The fatty acid compositions of S. nigrum seeds oil shows that it has 67.9% of linoleic acid, indicating its high unsaturation. Apart from linoleic acid, other prominent fatty acids were palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. The following average profile is: 18: 2n-6 > 18: 1 n-9 > 16: 0 > 18: 0. The oil is liquid at room temperature and green in colour. Oil viscosity varies between 20 and 35 mPa.s at 25°C. Three activation energies which vary between 0.8 to 26.58 kJ.mol-1 were determined using Arrhenius’s equation. The melting points estimated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry were found to be between -22.0 and -12.0°C for the Soxhlet and Folch-extracted oils. Bligh and Dyer oil have three melting points at -36.2, -15.2 and 33.7°

Front-end Electronics for Silicon Trackers readout in Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Technology: The case of Silicon strips at the ILC

For the years to come, Silicon strips detectors will be read using the smallest available integrated technologies for room, transparency, and power considerations. CMOS, Bipolar- CMOS and Silicon-Germanium are presently offered in deepsubmicron (250 down to 90nm) at affordable cost through worldwide integrated circuits multiproject centers. As an example, a 180nm CMOS readout prototype chip has been designed and tested, and gave satisfactory results in terms of noise and power. Beam tests are under work, and prospectives in 130nm will be presented

A CMOS 130nm Evaluation digitzer chip for silicon strips readout

A CMOS 130nm evaluation chip intended to read Silicon strip detectors at the ILC has been designed and successfully tested. Optimized for a detector capacitance of 10 pF, it includes four channels of charge integration, pulse shaping, a 16-deep analogue sampler triggered on input analogue sums, and parallel analogue to digital conversion. Tests results of the full chain are reported, demonstrating the behaviour and performance of the full sampling process and analogue to digital conversion. Each channel dissipates less than one milli-Watt static power

Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider

The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.Comment: 54 pages, 48 picture

Characteristic Physicochemical of Oil Extract from Moringa oleifera and the Kinetics of Degradation of the Oil during Heating

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and the kinetics of degradation of Moringa oleifera seed oil during heating. The seed is a good source of oil (40%). The physical properties of the oil extracts showed the state to be liquid at room temperature and indicated that the oil had refractive index, 1.4680; the peroxide value, 1.67 (meq O 2 /kg oil); free fatty acid, 2.10%; iodine value, 66.2%; saponification value, 167; unsaponifiable matter content, 0.87% and viscosity, 47.24 (mPa.s at 25°C). Gas liquid chromatography technique has been developed for identification and quantitative determination of total unsaturated and saturated fatty acids shows that the crude oil had 79.57 and 20.42% respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) indicates the presence of three components in oil extracted. The first peak at low melting point appears at -31.10°C (∆H f = -5.36 J/g), the second peak appears to -7.03°C (∆H f = +49.56 J/g) and the last peak appears to +6.30°C (∆H f = +0.55 J/g). The degradation kinetic of the oil was also investigated. The thermal oxidation of the double bonds of the oil showed a first-order thermal oxidation kinetic and the Arrhenius plot yielded a straight line with a slope equivalent to activation energy of 1.593 KJ/mol. There is the possibility of considering the seed as feed supplement and its oil for industrial application

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

A 16-channel Silicon Strips Readout Chip in 180nm CMOS technology

Electronic Conference Proceedings (eConf)A highly integrated readout scheme for Silicon trackers making use of Deep Sub-Micron CMOS electronics (DSM) and analog sampling techniques is presented. In the context of the International Linear Collider (ILC) tracking detectors developments, a 16-channel readout chip for Silicon strips detector has been designed in 180nm CMOS technology, each channel comprising a low noise amplifier, a pulse shaper, a sample and hold and a comparator operated at low power. Test results are presented